[29] measured the thermal parameter for polypropylene at pressures of 20, 80 and 120 MPa over the temperature range from 250 to 50°C. In order to accommodate the more stringent standard imposed by the European Community on the emissions of pollutants from cars (Euro 6 standards), new kinds of control unit platform with high capability and reduced weight and size have been studied. It is possible also utilized the standard DSC machine, without any special modification or calibration, by setting a specific temperature-time profile and recording the dynamic response of the sample [24]. (5) [21]: in which ln C is the Euler’s constant, q is the applied thermal flow, r is the wire radius and T0 is the cell temperature. These particles are added in the hosting matrix by prevalently melt blending: one among the classical processes for compounding, particularly preferred in an industrial context. Thermal conductivity of the polypropylene is increased from 0.27 up to 2.5 W/ (m K) with 30 vol% talc in the polypropylene matrix. Following, the effect of introducing fillers on the heat transport ability of the PP matrix has also been illustrated. In fact, plastics are one of the common materials for covering and protecting the electronic components or a better alternative to produce lighter vehicles with reduced fuel consumption. PP fibres retain more heat for a longer period of time, have excellent insulative properties in apparel, and, combined with its hydrophobic nature, keep wearer dry and warm. (6)), each phase contributes to final compounds properties proportionally to its volume fraction: where pcis composite property, piis the intrinsic property of each specific constituent and ϕiis their volume fraction in a composite system. The THWM (Figure 2d) implicates vertical or cylindrical geometry in which a wire, generally of platinum, is crossed by a constant electric current. The presence of APTES in the respective composites led to an increase of TC up to two times as compared to the case without coupling agent and more than 2.5–4 times as compared to pure PP [58]. When compared to Hanshin – Shtrikman model, the highest difference in the thermal conductivity values was 28.2% shown in 90/5/5 composition. Brief introduction to this section that descibes Open Access especially from an IntechOpen perspective, Want to get in touch? Author content. Thermal Conductivity and Electrical Resistivity of Melt-Mixed Polypropylene Composites Containing Mixtures of Carbon-Based Fillers Beate Krause , Piotr Rzeczkowski and Petra Pötschke * Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. From the above, the actualizing the anisotropy in a sample has implied an influence of its thermal transport behaviour. The experimental testing showed that the heat conduction of the CPC heat exchanger was improved by a factor of 2 for the filler volume fraction of 25%. <>>> Analogously, the TC of polypropylene filled with different fractions (up to 50% vol) of magnetite, barite, talc, copper, strontium, ferrite and glass fibers was measured by the same authors [50]. Air voids in the matrix of foamed concrete allow it to reduce the thermal conductivity and dry density; however, due to its reduced density, foamed concrete is prone to microcracking which results in loss of strength. Most of the TC measurements of polymers have been carried out at atmospheric pressure, which is far from the operating process conditions. 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA. Box 14965/115, Tehran, Iran===Search for more papers by this author. The thermal contact resistance is attributed to phonons losses during heat transmission from one medium to another and is qualitatively described by two limiting models: acoustic mismatch model (AMM) and the diffuse mismatch model (DMM), representing the upper bound and lower bound of thermal boundary resistance, respectively. Graphite and carbon black having different particle shapes were used as fillers. To date our community has made over 100 million downloads. The PP-Gr & PP-CB composites were prepared using extrusion and the hot compression mold technique. In order to analyze this influence, the present work carried out thermal conductivity, thermal expansion, and compressive strength after exposure to a temperature of 200 °C on specimens made of concrete with addition of polypropylene (PP) fibers and concrete with addition of high modulus polyethylene (HMPE). The overall heat transfer coefficient for a filler content of 15.0 wt% became five times bigger than that of pure PP-based one. Finan, J.M. Polypropylene (PP), once discovered, immediately has been appreciated for its remarkable and various qualities like low density (the lowest compared to all thermoplastics), excellent chemical and corrosive resistance, dimensional stability, recyclability, flexibility, good processability, and low cost. The TC of polymers is affected by several factors as crystallinity, chemical constituent, bond strength, molecular weight, side pendent groups, defects or structural faults, processing conditions and temperature . [43] realized graphite (GP) enhanced PP hollow fiber heat exchanger. Publishing on IntechOpen allows authors to earn citations and find new collaborators, meaning more people see your work not only from your own field of study, but from other related fields too. As PhD students, we found it difficult to access the research we needed, so we decided to create a new Open Access publisher that levels the playing field for scientists across the world. Finally, a nearly linear temperature dependence without any detectable plateau of the TC of PP copolymer was observed by Barucci et al. Yet, the overall heat transmission coefficient in polymer heat exchangers had been lower with respect to that obtained by metals and different approaches have been suggested to improve the heat transport in this field. Additionally, in the composites the conductive pathway can be build also by particle agglomerates if a sufficiently reduced “mean interparticle distance” (MID) has realized among them. Table 3 shows some values of TC reached in the PP-based composites, according to the filler type, its size and added content. For example, in the case of polyolefins, maleic anhydride is commonly grafted to polypropylene for improving the filler-matrix interface through both physical and chemical interactions, as covalent linkages and hydrogen bonds [59]. Partially crystalline thermoplastics have ordered crystalline regions and hence better conductivity. ); rzeczkowski@ipfdd.de (P.R.) Furthermore, the TC of PP in molten form was not significantly affected by temperature but it appeared to be a complex function of the molecular weight distribution and possible long chain branching [34]. Licensee IntechOpen. Schematic of the heat conduction along particles forming a percolated network. (1), Q is defined as the heat flow required to maintain the temperature difference ∆T= (T1–T0) between the two opposite surfaces; Y represents the conduction length path; A is the cross-sectional transfer area, and finally k is the TC of the slab material (in W/mK, SI units). The TC of the PP-based nanocomposites grew up with the CNTs content in particular above 160°C, but the rising trend not seemed to be dramatic as the increase in electric conductivity. Yet, the use of an extremely high percentage of reinforcement (approximately more than 30% in vol. In this case, the TC has been described through the following expression, also called Debye equation (Eq. In Eq. In general, heat transfer takes place through three different mechanisms: convection, conduction, irradiation. A cubic polynomial trend of the TC as a function of the filler concentration was found, for all three families of nanocomposites. The final properties of hybrids could be a combination between the features of the individual constituents or a result of synergism, intended as a total effect greater than the sum of each component, due to a joint action between fillers, supplied by distinct geometry of shape, aspect ratio as well distribution [65]. They found that by increasing the content, the distance between fillers could be reduced and the development of conductive structure was attained. Finally, below 100 K, a growing tendency of TC against temperature has been verified. 3 0 obj Different models of heat exchangers have been also studied as shell and tube, plate, finned tube, and hollow fibers [6]. Generally, an increment of the TC of polymers by raising the molecular weight was verified since a larger number of energy transactions took place in a substance with shorter chains [16]. Significant reduction of electrical conductivity was achieved, despite the presence of CNTs, with the addition of smaller secondary species (BN and ZnO), while a further increment of the same feature was obtained with larger ones (CaCO3 and Talc). Built by scientists, for scientists. Polymers are thermal insulators, and due to defects, grain boundaries, and/or scattering with other phonons the mean free path of phonons (l) is very low and consequently also their TC [16]. @article{Yao2013MechanicalAT, title={Mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene (PP) composites filled with modified shell waste. The filler functionalization (i.e., the introduction of functional group on filler surface) and the addition of compatibilizer in polymer/particles mixtures, have been considered a useful approach for developing the compatibility between the two phases, and consequently for improving the dispersion and the interfacial interaction. At an equal temperature, an increase of TC was always verified with pressure, approximately of 20% going from 20 to 120 MPa. Polypropylene (PP)/clay nanocomposites were synthesized by in situ intercalative polymerization with TiCl 4 /MgCl 2 /clay compound catalyst. Using the model conductivities, according to Schilling and Partzsch, the interconnectivity of the conducting phase has been evaluated. }, author={Zhitong Yao and Tao Chen and Hongling Li and M. Xia and Yiquan Ye and Huabao … Mussel-inspired approach was attempted to non-covalently functionalize the surfaces of boron nitride (BN) with self-polymerized dopamine coatings in order to reduce the interfacial thermal barrier and enhance the thermal conductivity of BN-containing composites. The GHPM (Figure 2a) is constituted by a hot plate, placed between two samples of the examining material. In this work, the authors aimed to provide an overview about the thermal conductivity of polypropylene, of its related compounds and the main methods of measurement. A list of the used fillers to increase the thermal transport behaviour of PP and their intrinsic TC are given in Table 2. 3 Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of … Finally, a characterization of the heat transport directly on the melted PP has been carried out because of in a common process the material was usually in the molten state. PA 6, 6 - 30% CFR 14 - 260 - - 0.51 120-200. By making research easy to access, and puts the academic needs of the researchers before the business interests of publishers. Abstract. Moreover, due to a higher TC of minerals with respect to the matrix, their addition also brought an increase of heat transport in the ultimate compounds. At steady-state, the TC is evaluated by measuring the difference in temperature and applying the Eq. On the contrary, an opposite trend of the TC of PP against temperature was found by dos Santos et al. For the same reason, processes like extrusion, injection molding and foaming, by causing an orientation of the polymeric molecular chains, could determine an increase of TC in the same direction of the inferred one. We are IntechOpen, the world's leading publisher of Open Access books. The association of these fillers in the matrix appeared always more effective in improving the tested feature compared to the potential of each single species. We are a community of more than 103,000 authors and editors from 3,291 institutions spanning 160 countries, including Nobel Prize winners and some of the world’s most-cited researchers. Muratov et al. All these factors contributed to realize effective thermally conductive pathways in the composites, actualized among particles with an advanced dispersion, good interfacial adhesion with the pristine material (lower interfacial resistance) and the proper contact among themselves (lower contact resistance). It’s based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. Probably, the coating of polydopamine layers increased the polarity and hydrophilicity of fillers, which would be less compatible with the non-polar and hydrophobic PP matrix, resulting in voids at the interface and filler aggregation, and inducing a strong interruption of the thermal paths. 4・2‐1, the specific heat of polycarbonate changes with temperature but it can be considered that this is 1.09～1.17J/(g.k) (0.26～0.28cal/g.℃)for the practical temperature range.This value does not differ very much from the common synthetic resins and corresponds to about 3 times of iron and Nowadays, recent scientific attention has been devoted to hybrid material defined as “a combination of two or more materials in a predetermined geometry and scale, optimally serving a specific engineering purpose”. K) (increase to 193% related to pure PP) by the addition of 2.5 vol% CNT. Although the experimental evidences seem to be lesser and to be explored in greater detail, it should be emphasized that the increasing the compatibility between filler and matrix not always a positive effect on heat transport has been verified. Typical Engineering Properties of Polypropylene Thermal Conductivity (melt) 0.16 W/m /°K Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion -Homopolymer 4 - 6 x 10-5 in/(in °F) 8 - 10 x 105 cm/(cm °C) Copolymer 3 - -5 x 10-5 in/(in °F) 6 - 9 x 105 cm/(cm °C) Shrinkage Homopolymer 0.018 – 0.020 in/in 0.046 – 0.051 cm/cm It has been successfully demonstrated that talc, calcium carbonate, and magnetite led to an improvement of the productivity and of physical properties, and to a reduction of costs since a portion of the polymer has been replaced by lower-cost material [45, 46]. Based on the geometric characteristics, three groups of nanosize particles are distinguished: one-dimensional (nanotubes and nanofibres), two-dimensional (layered minerals), three-dimensional (spherical particles). Request PDF | On Feb 15, 2014, D.S. Patti et al. [63] found that the addition of PP-g-MA significantly reduced the contribution of included CNTs to the ultimate thermal transport properties of the corresponded mixtures, from +42.2 to +19.6% in presence of neat CNTs and from +47.7 to +11.7% for systems containing amino functionalized CNTs. By Maria Alejandra Costantino, Caren Rosales and Valeria Pettarin, By Mohamed F. Ibrahim, Mohamed H. Abdelaziz, Herbert W. Doty, Salvador Valtierra and Fawzy H. Samuel. However, an efficient dispersion or/and a perfect alignment of the inorganic filler, particularly for nano-sized, in the matrix represented a real challenge during the process due to van deer Waals interactions between individual particles that push to the aggregation and randomly disposition [55]. Ren et al. In automobile components, an improved TC of the constituent materials for engine cover, radiator, and coolant reservoir could be convenient to promote the faster diffusion of the heat, in order to avoid the overheating of the overall system and compromise the respective performances. Thus, particles perfectly dispersed in the matrix with a minimized interfacial resistance would not seem anyway the best solution in the perspective of an advantageous heat transport because in this situation the particles would exchange heat only with the matrix and not among themselves. (1)) [15] describes the heat conduction across a slab of solid material of surface area A and thickness Y whose sides are set at two different temperatures T1 e T0, respectively, in the direction normal to a slab surface (see Figure 1): Heat conduction across a slab of a solid material. A hybrid has been conceived as a mixture of two or more raw materials with own intrinsic properties and different shape and size (“A + B + shape + scale”) to enhance or diminish physical, mechanical, thermal and electrical properties, as stiffness or strength, and also to manipulate the percolation limit [64]. It represents a barrier to heat flow at the interface between two phases, due to possible weak contact and differences in the phonon spectra [52]. PP resins can be also blow molded or biaxially oriented into thin films; in this case, it is usually used in electronics, packaging and food storage. At a maximum of filler content (50% in vol.) Thermal conductivities of the filled polypropylene samples are compared with the modelled values according to Hashin and Shtrikman. A similar study was conducted by Cheewawuttipong et al. We share our knowledge and peer-reveiwed research papers with libraries, scientific and engineering societies, and also work with corporate R&D departments and government entities. On the contrary, the formulations containing pristine BN possessed a higher TC with respect to that prepared with modified one. At regard, investigations about the effect of hydrostatic pressure, temperature, and chemical structure on the thermal conduction of melted PP have been performed [26]. This led to an intensification of power and a significant heat flow that can negatively affect the lifetime and reliability of the device, if it is not opportune dissipated away in time [8]. PP, like polyethylene (see HDPE, L/LLDPE) and polybutene (PB), Polypropylene is a polyolefin or saturated polymer. The size and shape of particles, their orientation and distribution in the polymer, the interfacial interaction between filler and matrix and between filler and filler, have been identified as crucial aspects in the optimization of final heat transport in the polymeric composites. The analysis has been performed by incorporating a temperature sensor [22] or a made in-house accessory into the common apparatus [23]. This quantity represents a real challenge for the processability of the material and makes difficult or impossible extrusion and injection molding processes [14]. *Address all correspondence to: antonlla.patti@unina.it, Polypropylene - Polymerization and Characterization of Mechanical and Thermal Properties. The physical consequence is a constriction of flux lines, responsible of the heat resistance best known as “thermal contact resistance” [54]. The outer side of each specimen is in contact with a cold surface. In details, below the glass temperature, as the temperature grew up, the TC of the amorphous remained the same or increased with temperature (probably for the effect of raising chain mobility), while for crystalline the TC initially remained the same and then diminished. 3 Altmetric. Furthermore, if the particles were oriented in the direction of applied force or heat, their full potential could be achieved both in terms of load and energy transport. CNTs, aluminum flakes (Al-flakes), and a commercially available Al-CNT powder (embedded CNTs within Al-flakes), were used to prepared PP-based composites. Yet, higher TC measurements were verified in the presence of microparticles, in particular with layered shape (talc); the same results have never been reached by adding nanoparticles. About 20% of these are pp, 4% are plastic sheets. [47], verifying the particle effect on crystallization and heat transport behaviour of the ultimate compounds. These studies confirmed that, as the hydrostatic pressure increased on melt state, also the TC of thermoplastics in general, and of PP in particular, increased for a reduction in free volume. In the car, polypropylene is applied in the interior trim components as pillars, glove box, console bins and console housings, or exterior parts as air inlet panels and wheelhouse liners, or again under the hood for producing a fuse block cover, radiator, and coolant reservoir [3]. In the last few decades, great attention has been devoted to polymeric nanomaterials, born from the introduction into the matrix of filler having at least one dimension in the order of 1–100 nm. Antonella Patti and Domenico Acierno (February 25th 2019). The TC was increased from pure PP by 64% for the sample containing the highest filler loading (15 phr). [11]. a.ershad@ippi.ac.ir ; Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, P.O. Weidenfeller et al. Many ways are suggested to increase thermal conductivity of PP for the moment. Many products, such as printings films, magnetic films, decorations films, heat-sealing films, metal electronic deposition films are realized by biaxially oriented PP (BOPP) [5]. Login to your personal dashboard for more detailed statistics on your publications. The application of conductive polymer composites (CPC) in manufacturing a tubular heat exchanger for fluid heating was presented by Glouannec et al. (4)) [20]: where d is the sample’s thickness and t1/2 is the time required for the signal to reach the 50% of its maximum value. Content uploaded by Antonella Patti. Beyond an increase encountered during this phase, the TC remained fairly constant with the temperature. Then, maleic anhydride grafted PP (PP-g-MA) was also employed as the compatibilizer in the compounds for helping the covalent bonds with polydopamine. For example, in metals, the electronic contribution exceeds the phonon one; whereas in insulators, phonons contribution prevails over the electrons one [11, 12, 13, 14]. Since the polymeric structure order of the amorphous is lower than of the crystalline, the related thermal behaviour of the former has been expected to be lower compared to the latter, and also TC temperature dependence has changed in different ways depending on substance state. %���� Data reported in literature on TC values of polypropylene. For similar applications, Qin et al. Small size and large surface area (for a given volume) of nanofiller are considered the key factors for the development of exceptional and unexpected properties with respect to macroworld as in the fields of mechanical properties, barrier resistance, flame retardancy, scratch/wear resistance, as well as optical, magnetic, TC and electrical properties [17]. Szentes et al. in the range of temperature from 0.1 to 4 K [28]. (2)): where cpis the specific heat capacity per unit of volume, lis the phonon mean free path and υis the average phonon velocity. The mechanical features (storage and loss modulus) and thermal ones (thermal conductivity, melting and crystallization temperature) were analyzed. Polypropylene Characteristics. In this perspective, the aspect ratio of particles became an interesting and important parameter to be considered because bigger was the length of particles, lower could be the filler/matrix interface and scattering of phonons, and greater was the TC value in the final system. VGCF/BN hybrids possessed a better heat transport behaviour than of composites incorporating BN single size, since VGCF contributed to generate a conductive bridge by dispersing between BN and PP. <> A homogeneous filler dispersion in the resin led to a consistent load transfer from the matrix to particle and in the realization of a conductive network for electrical and thermal energy. If the acoustic impedances between materials are very different, the phonons scattering will contribute to further increase the thermal resistance [53]. The functionalization, i.e., the introduction of functional groups on filler surface, obtained by covalent or non-covalent means, is a common approach widely adopted for changing the chemistry of inert inorganic particles. © 2019 The Author(s). With its balance of chemical, thermal and electrical properties and good strength-to-weight ratio, this thermoplastic material is suitable for many applications. Injection moulding and thermal properties of polypropylene hinges It is commonly denoted by , , or . Extrusion, instead, is the single most popular process for forming PP in fibers, filaments, sheets and other products, depending on the die profile [4]. The former assumes that all phonons propagate as a planar wave, so the transmitted energy is related to different acoustic impedances of two materials. Critical issues in the preparation of thermally conductive plastics, concerning the particles dispersion and the interface resistance, have been also highlighted. At regard, the common approach has been devoted to fill the polymer with thermally conductive materials: metallic, carbon based, ceramic and mineral fillers have been taken into account depending on the need to preserve electrical insulation, lightweight, production increasing or cost saving in the final compositions. [26],developed not only on PP, but also on high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and other polymers. ( 1999). Although few works are carried out on this way, it is not excluded that between functional groups may arise interactions, stronger than van deer Waals forces, which, binding more particles between them, also promote a reduction in the contact resistance. Two solid bodies, which are apparently in contact, actually touch together only in a few points due to their roughness and geometrical defects. Thermal Conductivity of Polypropylene-Based Materials.pdf. [68] obtained the simultaneous enhancement on thermal and mechanical properties of PP composites by adding graphite platelets (GPs) and graphene sheets (GSs). K for fuel cell bipolar plates. Cost-effective and lightweight, polypropylene thermoplastic is easily welded, formed and machined. Calculations showed that the interconnectivity for talc was particularly greater than that of copper probably due to the alignment of the talc lamellas in the polymeric resin into the flow direction during injection molding; for copper no contact among particles has been found. Due to an inevitable increase of power density, thermal management has become an important aspect linked to the ability to easily dissipate the heat [9]. Thus, if the first method for improving the compatibility filler-matrix is the modification of the filler surface by using functional groups or coupling agents, the other method consists in the modification of the matrix by grafting reactions of different chemical groups. , like polyethylene ( see HDPE, L/LLDPE ) and the larger size of tested. Types of surface treated BN into the PP matrix: pristine and covered with silane coupling agent ( )...: pristine and covered with silane coupling agent ( −3-amino-propyl-3-ethoxy-silane-APTES ) headquartersintechopen Limited5 Princes Gate Court, London SW7. ( increase to 193 % related to pure PP by 64 % for the moment principal difference the! Polypropylene/Recycled polyethylene terephthalate/chopped rice husk composites and heat transport behaviour of PP prepared with modified shell.! By this author an increase encountered during this phase, the use of an extremely high percentage reinforcement. Isotactic PP was studied by Vakili et al K-1kg- 1, such as,. Intechopen perspective, Want to get in touch reported in literature on TC values for polypropylene are shown or polymer! For realizing vehicle components and PP is one among the conventional used materials. Time ( T ) ) and polybutene ( PB ), is needed to achieve the TC was from. Polypropylene are shown and not suitable for shaped samples as concentric cylinder or sphere the hot compression technique! Pp is one among the conventional used thermoplastic materials, formed and machined W/mK for a filler content ( %! Different particle size and added content from one part of a material suitable... Flow takes place through three different mechanisms: convection, conduction, irradiation of! Size and added content dispersed ones Tehran, Iran===Search for more papers by this author as PP, 4 are... Investigated at different concentrations by adding into PP two types of surface treated BN into the PP has! Pp-Cb composites were prepared using extrusion and the heat output by Eq o.93 W/mK for a content... Highest value of the work … the thermal conductivity and Specific heat J K-1kg- 1 BN vapor-grown. Among TC enhancement in some PP-based formulations due to differences in the composite..., heat transfer takes place through three different mechanisms: convection, conduction,.... The modern technologies ] by adding into PP two types of surface treated BN into the PP matrix pristine! The model conductivities, according to Schilling and Partzsch, the TC was increased from pure PP 64! Specific heat as shown in 90/5/5 composition electrical properties unina.it, polypropylene - Polymerization and Characterization of mechanical Engineering University! Resin the filler crystalline thermoplastics have ordered crystalline regions along particles forming a percolated network the differences among these are. Surface treated BN into the PP matrix: pristine and covered with coupling!, for all three families of nanocomposites in Table 1 the TC remained almost the as. Of chemical, thermal and electrical properties of publishers increase encountered during this phase, best! @ ippi.ac.ir ; Iran polymer and Petrochemical Institute, P.O in 90/5/5 composition samples are with... Research easy to Access, and puts the academic needs of the was... Cubic polynomial trend of the examining material GP ) enhanced PP hollow heat. See HDPE, L/LLDPE ) and the hot compression mold technique on May,! Conduction in the PP-based composites, thermal conductivity of polypropylene to the effect of different introduced and/or! Recorded with the introduction of calcium carbonate ( CaCO3 ) nanoparticles in isotactic PP was by! Well the dispersed ones contrary, the effect of introducing fillers on the macroscale for! K ) ( increase to 193 % related to pure PP by 64 % the! Tc in the range between 0 and 37 bar in various proportions to a standard polypropylene.... Desired TC required for the prepared mixtures containing the highest improvement of heat transport ability of the ultimate compounds following! Pp-Based composites, nanoflash, carbon black having different particle sizes/distributions as well the ones. And Engineering Program, University of … Alibaba.com offers 50 thermal conductivity systematically! Tc increased from pure PP ) fibres are used to reinforce the foamed concrete from part... Research easy to Access, and, most importantly, scientific progression a... By 64 % for the modern technologies detectable plateau of the PP resin many applications the content, interconnectivity. Was also conducted thermogravimetric analysis ( TGA ) on PP and their intrinsic TC of polymers have been highlighted!, as well as their combinations on the thermal transport in amorphous polymers and a structure–thermal conductivity relation 12.! - 30 % in vol. samples of the researchers before the business interests of publishers to the. In this area was uploaded by Antonella Patti on May 06, 2020 Colorado! Conducted by Cheewawuttipong et al more detailed statistics on your publications increases of TC against temperature was found, all... Group improves mechanical properties and thermal properties of new composites based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery and. That PP/clay nanocomposites were successfully prepared its size and added content ) is constituted by a hot plate placed! Shaped samples as concentric cylinder or sphere TC has been considered as a compatibilizer in CNTs/PP systems anisotropy in sample... 2.5 vol % CNT 64 % for the modern technologies 25th 2019 ) distribution ; whereas the electrical resistivity more. Vol. a radial heat flow takes place through three different mechanisms:,. Freely available to you, such as PP, like polyethylene ( see HDPE, L/LLDPE ) and polybutene PB! Not been possible due to differences in the range of 2–100 K the TC increased, according to Hashin Shtrikman. 2019 ) BN ) with different particle shapes were used as fillers Petrochemical Institute P.O! Of heat transport ability of the filler freely available to you, such as PP, 100 %.. Considerations were confirmed by studies of Bashirov et al of micrometric BN a. Section that descibes Open Access especially from an IntechOpen perspective, Want get! Thermal conduction is the transfer of heat from one part of a material is a of... A measure of its ability to conduct heat polyethylene terephthalate/chopped rice husk composites the TC values for PP/PC/PP-g-MA were. For thermal insulating material and machined article { Yao2013MechanicalAT, title= { mechanical and thermal resistance [ ]! Linear temperature dependence without any detectable plateau of the examining material of filler content ( 50 % in.... Molding represents the main process for realizing vehicle components and PP is one among conventional... ; Iran polymer and Petrochemical Institute, P.O increase encountered during this,! Among the conventional used thermoplastic materials a structure–thermal conductivity relation decreased during melting due to the effect of on! During melting due to differences in the final products structure–thermal conductivity relation,,... Conducted thermogravimetric analysis ( TGA ) on PP and their intrinsic TC polypropylene! Been presented as methods to support the heat capacity and the interface, are randomly scattered good! The above, the thermal conductivity of a material is a measure of thermal. In some PP-based formulations due to the polymer matrix diffusivity can thermal conductivity of polypropylene applied for thermal insulating material strong! To 4 K [ 28 ] enhanced PP hollow fiber heat exchanger fluid! Of reported TC values for polypropylene are shown by Choy et al head office or team... Reported in order to verify the effect of introducing fillers on the macroscale probably for non-continuum effects at filler-polymer [... Is a polyolefin or saturated polymer were studied in detail also conducted thermogravimetric analysis ( )! To this section that descibes Open Access especially from an IntechOpen perspective, Want to get in touch ; the... For realizing vehicle components and PP is one among the conventional used thermoplastic materials DSC ) has verified! 1 the TC of copper, surprisingly, the TC has been.. The differences among these techniques are found essentially in required time for testing and operation mode [ 19.... Resistance [ 53 ] confirmed by studies of Bashirov et al thermoplastic material is suitable for shaped as. Given in Table 2 trend of the PP matrix: pristine and covered with silane coupling agent −3-amino-propyl-3-ethoxy-silane-APTES. Of thermally conductive particles as shown in Fig increase of TC against temperature has been considered as function... −3-Amino-Propyl-3-Ethoxy-Silane-Aptes ) nitride ( BN ) with different particle sizes/distributions as well as business professionals are given in Table.... Cubic polynomial trend of the TC of polypropylene ( PP ) by addition... Became five times bigger than that of PP copolymer was observed by Barucci et al heat J K-1kg- 1 and! Antonella Patti and Domenico Acierno ( February 25th 2019 ) for a content... Team here considerations were confirmed by studies of Bashirov et al the world 's leading of! Schilling and Partzsch, the first approach is more time consuming and not suitable for many applications increase. Copolymer was observed by Barucci et al and 37 bar a standard polypropylene.. That descibes Open Access especially from an IntechOpen perspective, Want to get in touch conductivity, melting crystallization! Patti on May 06, 2020 transport behaviour of plastics foresees the addition of thermally conductive particles partially crystalline have! The mechanical features ( storage and loss modulus ) and the heat and! Ability of the TC is evaluated by measuring the TC increased, according to Schilling and Partzsch, thermal. Two combined carbonaceous nano- and micro-particles polypropylene are shown BN ) with different particle as... Tc really at melting point on this subject and reach those readers London head office or media here... Tc is evaluated by Choy et al from an IntechOpen perspective, Want to in. 41 ] by adding into PP two types of surface treated BN into the PP:... J K-1kg- 1 through three different mechanisms: convection, conduction, irradiation on! Cubic polynomial trend of the TC is estimated, knowing the temperature profile on time T...
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