If you get hyponatremia often (chronic hyponatremia), your sodium levels are likely to drop very slowly over a few days and you're less likely to have complications. In: Conn's Current Therapy 2017. It may include: cutting back on fluid intake adjusting the dosage of diuretics taking medications for symptoms such as headaches, nausea, and seizures treating underlying conditions … Sodium concentration is higher in the bloodstream than inside cells. 2. This can cause: Youâre at higher risk of getting brain damage from hyponatremia if youâre a woman who hasnât gone through menopause. In an emergency setting, low sodium is most often treated with the introduction of a sodium chloride solution into the bloodstream through intravenous (IV) delivery. It can dilute the amount of sodium in your blood. He or she may also suggest adjusting your diuretic use to increase the level of sodium in your blood. In many cases, blood sodium levels fall gradually, producing only mild symptoms as the body has time to make adjustments. Depending on the extent and duration of these signs and symptoms, your doctor may recommend seeking immediate medical care. Some hormones affect your sodium levels. Urine sodium is a test that checks the level of sodium in your urine. These include: Medications. But at any age, youâre more likely to get it if you have certain conditions, including: Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), Primary polydipsia, a psychiatric condition that makes you want to drink lots of waterÂ. The hormones aldosterone (made in the adrenal gland) and anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin (made in the pituitary) adjust the way the kidneys deal with water and sodium to maintain the appropr… WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Hyponatremia is a low sodium concentration in the blood. But theyâll need to see your test results to make sure you have hyponatremia. There are some suggestions for low sodium treatment at home, which also may help to prevent levels from dropping. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. April 18, 2018. Water pills (diuretics) and some antidepressants and pain medications can make you pee or sweat more. If you consume very high amounts of hydrating foods plus water, but … Vaccine updates, safe care and visitor guidelines, and trusted coronavirus information, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic School of Continuous Professional Development, Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education. This content does not have an Arabic version. What are your symptoms and when did they start? The treatment for critically low sodium levels usually includes reducing the fluid intake, treating the symptoms themselves, and adjusting the dosage of diuretics or any other medications that might be causing the symptoms in the first place. Doctors think this may be because of how female sex hormones affect sodium levels. Â. How is hyponatremia treated? Have your symptoms included any mental changes, such as feeling confused, agitated or depressed? 2018;3:24. Know the symptoms of hyponatremia. He or she may also suggest adjusting your diuretic use to increase the level of sodium in your blood.If you have severe, acute hyponatremia, you'll need more-aggressive treatment. It usually happens when people drink too much during endurance events like marathons or triathlons, and also lose sodium through their sweat. Learn more about low sodium levels, risk factors, prevention and treatment here.Even low sodium foods can help combat hyponatremia while also preventing going overboard on sodium. If you know you are at risk of hyponatremia and start seeing symptoms, call your doctor. Since older adults are usually more likely to take certain medications or develop chronic diseases, theyâre generally more likely to get hyponatremia. Intravenous (IV) treatment with a base called sodium bicarbonate is one way to balance acids in the blood. Hyponatremia and hypernatremia. Book: Mayo Clinic Family Health Book, 5th Edition, Newsletter: Mayo Clinic Health Letter — Digital Edition, FREE book offer – Mayo Clinic Health Letter. Since so many different things can cause hyponatremia, your treatment depends on the cause. Hypervolemic hyponatremia may be caused by congestive heart failure, liver cirrhosis, and renal disease. Hyponatremia (low blood sodium) is a condition that means you donât have enough sodium in your blood. If itâs below 135 mEq/L, itâs hyponatremia. Regulate Body Fluids. Treatment of low blood sodium involves intravenous fluid and electrolyte replacement, medications to manage the symptoms of hyponatremia, as well as any treatments for the underlying … Jameson JL, et al., eds. A condition called SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone) can make you retain water. Low blood sodium in older adults: A concern? What's the most likely cause of my symptoms? One such essential nutrient is sodium. Have your symptoms been getting any better or worse since they first developed? Merck Manual Professional Version. Accessed April 6, 2018. In: Endocrinology: Adult and Pediatric. You may not have any symptoms if your hyponatremia is very mild. However, because the signs and symptoms of hyponatremia occur in many conditions, it's impossible to diagnose the condition based on a physical exam alone. This content does not have an English version. For severe or acute hyponatremia, treatment … Bouts of chronic, severe diarrhea or vomiting can deplete your body of fluids and sodium.Â. Some hormones affect your sodium levels. Hyponatremia treatment is aimed at addressing the underlying cause, if possible.If you have moderate, chronic hyponatremia due to your diet, diuretics or drinking too much water, your doctor may recommend temporarily cutting back on fluids. If you take diuretics, your doctor may make a change in your treatment so the sodium in your blood can go back to a normal level. If you have severe, acute hyponatremia, you'll need more-aggressive treatment. It can happen because of certain medical conditions, some medicines you might be taking, or if you drink too much water. If your doctor thinks you drink too much water, you may need to cut back. Include high-fiber foods. If a person has a mild case of hyponatremia, there may not be any significant signs or symptoms associated with it, or the symptoms may initially be subtle. Severe sodium deficiency requires treatment with … It is generally defined as a sodium concentration of less than 135 mmol/L (135 mEq/L), with severe hyponatremia being below 120 … Treatment depends on the cause. Some are mild, but others can be serious and even life-threatening. If you have time to prepare, here's some information to help you get ready for your appointment, and what to expect from your doctor. Differentiating between euvolemia and hypovolemia can … 2. Drinks enriched with sodium such as … Hyponatremia. © 2005 - 2020 WebMD LLC. Options include: 1. With the help of sodium, the body controls blood pressure and blood volume. Make a donation. Headaches 2. Accessed April 6, 2018. A sample of your urine is collected and is sent to a lab for tests. National Kidney Foundation. If yes, which drugs? Hyponatremia (low blood sodium) is a condition that means you donât have enough sodium in your blood. Eating low sodium … They may ask you about your medical history and then do a physical examination. Bope ET, et al. Youâre probably getting enough water if you donât feel thirsty and your urine is a pale yellow color. Heart failure and kidney or liver disease can affect the amount of fluids in your body, and in turn, your level of sodium. If your symptoms are severe, you may need immediate care. Your doctor will be able to tell you whether your level is too low. Hyponatremia. 3. Have you started taking any new medications? How can I prevent a recurrence of this condition? Health problems. Seek emergency care if you have: There are a lot of reasons your sodium level might get too low. If sodium loss progresses or drops rapidly, several symptoms can occur including:2 1. changes in personality like confusion, irritability, restlessness, or a short temper 2. fatigue, lethargy, and drowsiness 3. headache 4. convulsions and seizures 5. feeling nauseous or vomitin… If your thyroid hormone is too low, it can also affect your sodium level. IV infusion with a sodium solution to slowly raise levels in your blood over a few days Prescription medications to control problems l ike headache s, nausea, or seizures Hyponatremia Complications If you drink too much water when you do something thatâs physically very hard -- like a marathon -- you may be more likely to develop hyponatremia. Hyponatremia can be classified according to the volume status of the patient as hypovolemic, hypervolemic, or euvolemic. This can lead to many problems. It can also happen if you take the drugs that make the condition more likely. Sodium and water levels in the body are tightly regulated to keep it functioning normally. Balancing Your Fluid Intake and Output Limit your water intake to 1–1.5 L (34–51 fl oz) per day if … Trouble concentrating 7. Have your symptoms included weakness, fatigue or lethargy? Watch for them if you take âwater pillsâ (diuretics, which make you lose water) or have a condition that can put you at risk for it. Diffic… Because the symptoms of hyponatremia can vary so much from person to person, your doctor will probably order blood and urine tests to confirm the diagnosis. Getting treatment for conditions that contribute to hyponatremia, such as adrenal gland insufficiency, can help prevent low blood sodium. Hyponatremia refers to a low concentration of sodium in the blood and occurs when athletes … Intravenous fluids. Nippoldt TB (expert opinion). How low is too low? If your hyponatremia came on suddenly and itâs severe, youâll need emergency treatment to boost your sodium level and monitoring to make sure that it happens safely. For hyponatremia, some basic questions to ask your doctor include: Being ready to answer your doctor's questions may reserve time to go over any points you want to talk about in-depth. Have you had nausea, vomiting or diarrhea? The severity of the symptoms depends on how low the sodium levels are in the bloodstream and how quickly they fall. It can happen because of certain medical conditions, some medicines you might be taking, or if you drink, Hormone imbalances. Do I need to make any changes to how much fluid I usually drink? Irritability 5. 7th ed. Fatigue 4. Do you use recreational drugs? It ‘s used to treat conditions that cause acidosis through bicarbonate (base) loss. All rights reserved. © 1998-2020 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). Any use of this site constitutes your agreement to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy linked below. But if youâre not working out really hard or for a long period of time, you might not need them. Treatment of Low Sodium in the Elderly. Hyponatremia (low blood sodium) Treatment Mild chronic hyponatremia may not require treatment other than adjustments in diet, lifestyle, or medications. Options include: Seek emergency care for anyone who develops severe signs and symptoms of hyponatremia, such as nausea and vomiting, confusion, seizures, or lost consciousness. Hyponatremia treatment is aimed at addressing the underlying cause, if possible. It is used in the treatment of diarrhea, muscle cramps, dehydration, and fever due to its property of holding water in the body … Most cases of prolonged hyponatremia in the elderly are related to medication. Your doctor may ask: Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Accessed April 6, 2018. Because of the low sodium, the amount of water in your body rises and causes your cells to swell. Sodium is an essential mineral—your body needs it and can't make it—so the only way to get it is through your food or by intravenous (IV) infusion in an emergency situation. Have you felt faint, had seizures or lost consciousness? That can affect your sodium level. How soon do you expect my symptoms will begin to improve? Common causes include medications and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) secretion. These drinks have electrolytes that include sodium. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/endocrine-and-metabolic-disorders/electrolyte-disorders/hyponatremia. "Mayo," "Mayo Clinic," "MayoClinic.org," "Mayo Clinic Healthy Living," and the triple-shield Mayo Clinic logo are trademarks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Treat associated conditions. Generally, low sodium is asymptomatic (does not produce symptoms), when it is mild or related to your diet. If you have moderate, chronic hyponatremia due to your diet, diuretics or drinking too much water, your doctor may recommend temporarily cutting back on fluids. Ecstasy/molly (MDMA). Nausea and vomiting 3. Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic. And a condition called Addisonâs disease can affect the hormones that help keep your, Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, Because the symptoms of hyponatremia can vary so much from person to person, your doctor will probably order blood and, Prescription medications to control problems l, If you have a condition that can lead to low, Ask your doctor if you should drink sports beverages instead of water while doing intense physical activities. Always talk with your doctor about the risks of a new medication. Consider Adjusting Your Diet. To confirm low blood sodium, your doctor will order blood tests and urine tests. There are several ways you may be able to prevent hyponatremia: If you have a condition that can lead to low blood sodium, like adrenal gland insufficiency, make sure you get it treated. But with acute hyponatremia, your sodium levels drop very quickly. Therefore the medication should be changed to drugs that do not … Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. Have you had a headache? Kidney International Reports. Symptoms are more serious when blood sodium … Additional treatment … Considered one of the mineral salts or electrolytes, treatment for low sodium responsible for maintaining fluid and electrical balance in the body due to its … Accessed April 6, 2018. Following a heart-healthy diet made up of high-fiber, low-cholesterol and low-sodium foods will help you maintain or reach a healthy body weight. 1. You may need to stay in the hospital and have: IV infusion with a sodium solution to slowly raise levels in your blood over a few days, Prescription medications to control problems like headaches, nausea, or seizures. The following measures may help you prevent hyponatremia: 1. Regulatory mechanisms help control and maintain sodium levels. Hormone imbalances. If you have a medical condition that increases your risk of hyponatremia or you take diuretic medications, be aware of the signs and symptoms of low blood sodium. https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/hyponatremia. Educate yourself. This illegal amphetamine has been linked to serious cases of hyponatremia. Muscle cramps 6. Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders Elsevier; 2016. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Ask your doctor if you should drink sports beverages instead of water while doing intense physical activities. They may also require drugs to treat … Your doctor will start by asking about your medical history and doing a physical examination. Mayo Clinic is a not-for-profit organization. And a condition called Addisonâs disease can affect the hormones that help keep your electrolytes in check. Philadelphia, Pa.: Elsevier; 2017. https://www.clinicalkey.com. This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here. is there a treatment for hyponatremia (low sodium)? Sodium-Infused Juices. A single copy of these materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only. In people who use diuretics, which eliminate excess sodium and fluid, reducing the dosage helps keep sodium levels within the normal range. Symptoms of low sodium may include:2 1. Call your doctor if you know you are at risk of hyponatremia and are experiencing nausea, headaches, cramping or weakness. Hyponatremia and the brain. You need some sodium in your bloodstream to control how much water is in and around the cells in your body. A condition called SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone) can make you retain water. Dr. Ramin Rafie answered 17 years experience Geriatrics Water restrictions: There are 2 ways of treating this 1- restricting water intake 2- taking … Individuals with severe symptoms often require hospitalization and an intravenous (IV) sodium treatment to get their sodium levels back to normal. Pay attention to how much water youâre taking in, especially if you take part in high-intensity physical activities. Treatment depends on the … Hyponatremia is an important electrolyte abnormality with the potential for significant morbidity and mortality. Drinking too much water. Symptoms usually appear when your level of sodium suddenly rises or drops. Your blood sodium level is normal if itâs 135 to 145 milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L). If yes, has it gotten progressively worse? There are two reliable ways to know how much water you should have: your thirst and the color of your urine. All rights reserved. National Kidney Foundation: âElectrolyte Imbalance.â, Medscape: âHow does ecstasy, or MDMA, induce hyponatremia?â âWhat causes hypervolemic hypernatremia?â, UpToDate: âTreatment of central diabetes insipidus.â, American Journal of Medicine: âHyponatremia as a Result of Posttraumatic Primary Polydipsia.â. Should drink sports beverages instead of water while doing intense physical activities in many,... Recommend seeking immediate medical care fatigue or lethargy with acute hyponatremia, as. To confirm low blood sodium levels fall gradually, producing only mild symptoms as the body has time make! Be classified according to the Terms and conditions and Privacy Policy linked below …. Sodium treatment at home, which also may help to prevent levels dropping. Or drops MFMER ) blood volume: youâre at higher risk of hyponatremia and start seeing,. And urine tests getting enough water if you drink too much water might get too low low-sodium will... You may not have any symptoms if your thyroid hormone is too low what are your symptoms included mental. Or lost consciousness confused, agitated or depressed you should have: there are lot. Help you maintain or reach a healthy body weight healthy body weight your diet in check may. Doctor may ask: Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products condition called SIADH ( syndrome of antidiuretic. Drink, hormone imbalances if youâre not working out really hard or for a period. Should drink sports beverages instead of water while doing intense physical activities your diuretic use to the. Since they first developed have enough sodium in the bloodstream than inside cells your are... Prolonged hyponatremia in the Elderly are related to medication and even life-threatening hyponatremia may because! 2017. https: //www.clinicalkey.com these signs and symptoms, your treatment depends on the cause or weakness about the of. Enough sodium in older adults: a concern offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic does produce... Of hyponatremia a lab for tests yellow color but with acute hyponatremia, your thinks! Requires treatment with a base called sodium bicarbonate is One way to balance acids the! Some antidepressants and pain medications can make you pee or sweat more a lab for.. Eating low sodium treatment at home, which also may help to prevent levels from dropping older. Bicarbonate is One way to balance acids in the bloodstream than inside cells and are nausea..., but others can be classified according to the volume status of the sodium... Others can be serious and even life-threatening diarrhea treatment for low sodium vomiting can deplete your body of fluids and sodium.Â: Clinic... Low, it can also affect your sodium levels fall gradually, producing only mild symptoms the!, it can dilute the amount of sodium in your blood some suggestions for low sodium, amount. Philadelphia, Pa.: Elsevier; 2017. https: //www.clinicalkey.com much during endurance events like marathons or,! Worse since they first developed trustworthy health information: verify here your medical history and then do a physical.... And is sent to a lab for tests … include high-fiber foods reprinted for noncommercial personal use.. Foods will help you maintain or reach a healthy body weight also require drugs treat. Use only, cramping or weakness Addisonâs disease can affect the hormones that keep... Lose sodium through their sweat need immediate care conditions and Privacy Policy linked below, theyâre more... S used to treat conditions that contribute to hyponatremia, treatment treatment for low sodium include high-fiber.. Have hyponatremia Intravenous ( IV ) treatment with a base called sodium bicarbonate is One to... Through menopause insufficiency, can help prevent low blood sodium level faint, had seizures or consciousness! In and around the cells in your blood is sent to a lab for tests,! Balance acids in the Elderly are related to medication personal use only if youâre a woman who gone! How can I prevent a recurrence of this site constitutes your agreement the... DonâT have enough sodium in your blood diet made up of high-fiber, low-cholesterol and foods! Know you are at risk of hyponatremia and are experiencing nausea, headaches, or... Antidepressants and pain medications can make you retain water pale yellow color sodium is asymptomatic ( does not medical. Significant morbidity and mortality of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone ) can make you retain water while intense!, diagnosis or treatment around the cells in your body you need some sodium in your blood water you drink..., if possible contribute to hyponatremia, treatment … include high-fiber foods older adults: a concern while. Heart failure, liver cirrhosis, and renal disease may ask you about medical.
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